Rice cultivation important points

This page includes important points and description about rice cultivation. It is important for all agricultural competition exams.

Common nameRice or paddy
Scientific nameOryza sativa
FamilyPoaceae
2n24
OriginSouth-East Asia

Description

Also read: Multiple Choice Questions on Agronomy

Seasons

  • Aus or autumn
  • Aman or Kharif
  • Boro or summer

Aus or autumn

  • Aus is derived form Sanskrit.
  • Ashu means early.
  • Crop is sown in pre-monsoon.
  • Harvesting period is August-September.

Aman or Kharif

  • Aman is derived from Arabic word.
  • It means safety.
  • Harvesting period is winter season.

Boro or summer

  • Crop is grown in low land submerged conditions.
  • Growing period is January-February.
  • Harvesting period April-May.

Varietal type of Oryza sativa

  • Indica rice
  • Japonica rice
  • Javanica rice

Indica rice

  • It is tropical.
  • Awnless or short awn.
  • Maturity is late.
  • Stem is long.
  • It is grown in India.

Japonica rice

  • It is sub-tropical or temperate.
  • Maturity is early.
  • Stem is short.
  • It is very responsive to N fertilizers.
  • There is no lodging.
  • It is grown in Japan.

Javanica rice

  • It is the wild form of rice.
  • It is grown in Indonesia.

Important one liner

  • Inflorescence is known as Panicle.
  • Hull consists of lemma and palea.
  • Test weight is 25g.
  • Rice is self pollinated crop.
  • It is short day plant.
  • Cardinal temperature is 30-32°C.
  • Hulling percentage is 70-75%.

Varieties

  1. TN-1
  2. IR-8
  3. Jaya
  4. Padma
  5. Jagannath
  6. CR-1014
  7. Pusa Basmati-1
  • TN-1 was developed in Taiwan.
  • TN-1 is a cross between Dee-geo-woo-gen × Tasai Yung Chung.
  • Dee-geo-woo-gen is dwarf and N responsive.
  • Tasai Yung Chung is tall and drought resistance.
  • Dr. T.T. Chang introduced TN-1, Dee-geo-woo-gen, and I-geo-tze in India.
  • IR-8 was developed by Henry M. Beachell.
  • It is a cross between Dee-geo-woo-gen and Peta.
  • It was introduced in India in 1966.
  • Jaya was developed by Dr. Shastry.
  • It is a cross between T.N.-1 and T-141.
  • T-141 is an Indian variety.
  • It outyielded TN-1 and IR-8.
  • Hence it is known as miracle rice.
  • Padma is the reverse cross result of the parent jaya.
  • Jagannath is mutant of T-141.
  • CR-1014 is a cross between T-90 and Urang Urangan.
  • Pusa Basmati-1 has been developed by IARI through conversion breeding.
  • Jaisuria, jaladhi, madhukar, jalamagan, etc., are deep water varieties.
  • Sabarmati, Basmati, Kasturi, etc., are aromatic varieties.

Also read: Multiple Choice Questions on Agriculture

Methods of cultivation

  • Lehi method
  • Byasi method
  • Transplanting method
  • SRI method

Lehi method

  • High rainfall area.
  • Pre germination of seeds.
  • Pudding of paddy field.
  • 20-25% increase in overall yield.

Byasi method

  • To reduce the plant density.
  • Byasi is done after 30-35 days.

Transplanting method

  • It is known as ropayi.
  • Plant nursery is prepared before transplanting.

SRI

  • It is invented in 1983 by the French Jesuit Father Henri de Laulanie in Madagascar.
  • Plant to plant and row to row distance is 25 cm.

Dry method

  • Nursery area is 800 square meter.
  • Optimum age for transplanting is 4th leaf stage.

Seed rate

  • Short duration: 60 kg.
  • Long duration: 30 kg.
  • Hybrid: 20 kg.

Zinc deficiency is a major problem in intensively cultivated and saline-sodic soil. The cause of khaira disease is Zinc deficiency. Iron toxicity is a major problem in highly acidic soil. Phalguna variety has some tolerance against to iron toxicity.

Rice cultivation important points.

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