Rice cultivation important points
This page includes important points and description about rice cultivation. It is important for all agricultural competition exams.
| Common name | Rice or paddy |
| Scientific name | Oryza sativa |
| Family | Poaceae |
| 2n | 24 |
| Origin | South-East Asia |
Description
Also read: Multiple Choice Questions on Agronomy
Seasons
- Aus or autumn
- Aman or Kharif
- Boro or summer
Aus or autumn
- Aus is derived form Sanskrit.
- Ashu means early.
- Crop is sown in pre-monsoon.
- Harvesting period is August-September.
Aman or Kharif
- Aman is derived from Arabic word.
- It means safety.
- Harvesting period is winter season.
Boro or summer
- Crop is grown in low land submerged conditions.
- Growing period is January-February.
- Harvesting period April-May.
Varietal type of Oryza sativa
- Indica rice
- Japonica rice
- Javanica rice
Indica rice
- It is tropical.
- Awnless or short awn.
- Maturity is late.
- Stem is long.
- It is grown in India.
Japonica rice
- It is sub-tropical or temperate.
- Maturity is early.
- Stem is short.
- It is very responsive to N fertilizers.
- There is no lodging.
- It is grown in Japan.
Javanica rice
- It is the wild form of rice.
- It is grown in Indonesia.
Important one liner
- Inflorescence is known as Panicle.
- Hull consists of lemma and palea.
- Test weight is 25g.
- Rice is self pollinated crop.
- It is short day plant.
- Cardinal temperature is 30-32°C.
- Hulling percentage is 70-75%.
Varieties
- TN-1
- IR-8
- Jaya
- Padma
- Jagannath
- CR-1014
- Pusa Basmati-1
- TN-1 was developed in Taiwan.
- TN-1 is a cross between Dee-geo-woo-gen × Tasai Yung Chung.
- Dee-geo-woo-gen is dwarf and N responsive.
- Tasai Yung Chung is tall and drought resistance.
- Dr. T.T. Chang introduced TN-1, Dee-geo-woo-gen, and I-geo-tze in India.
- IR-8 was developed by Henry M. Beachell.
- It is a cross between Dee-geo-woo-gen and Peta.
- It was introduced in India in 1966.
- Jaya was developed by Dr. Shastry.
- It is a cross between T.N.-1 and T-141.
- T-141 is an Indian variety.
- It outyielded TN-1 and IR-8.
- Hence it is known as miracle rice.
- Padma is the reverse cross result of the parent jaya.
- Jagannath is mutant of T-141.
- CR-1014 is a cross between T-90 and Urang Urangan.
- Pusa Basmati-1 has been developed by IARI through conversion breeding.
- Jaisuria, jaladhi, madhukar, jalamagan, etc., are deep water varieties.
- Sabarmati, Basmati, Kasturi, etc., are aromatic varieties.
Also read: Multiple Choice Questions on Agriculture
Methods of cultivation
- Lehi method
- Byasi method
- Transplanting method
- SRI method
Lehi method
- High rainfall area.
- Pre germination of seeds.
- Pudding of paddy field.
- 20-25% increase in overall yield.
Byasi method
- To reduce the plant density.
- Byasi is done after 30-35 days.
Transplanting method
- It is known as ropayi.
- Plant nursery is prepared before transplanting.
SRI
- It is invented in 1983 by the French Jesuit Father Henri de Laulanie in Madagascar.
- Plant to plant and row to row distance is 25 cm.
Dry method
- Nursery area is 800 square meter.
- Optimum age for transplanting is 4th leaf stage.
Seed rate
- Short duration: 60 kg.
- Long duration: 30 kg.
- Hybrid: 20 kg.
Zinc deficiency is a major problem in intensively cultivated and saline-sodic soil. The cause of khaira disease is Zinc deficiency. Iron toxicity is a major problem in highly acidic soil. Phalguna variety has some tolerance against to iron toxicity.